SHALLUM, the fourth son of Josiah,
king of Judah, 1 Chron. 3:15: he was
called also Jehoahaz, and made king on
the death of his father, but carried cap-
tive into Egypt, by Pharaoh Necho, 2
Kings 23:30-34; Jer. 22:11.
SHALLUM, a priest, son of Zadok, the
high-priest, and father of Hilkiah, the
high-priest: he is also called Meshullam,
1 Chron. 6:12, 13; 9:11.
SHAMMAH, one of the three mighty
captains of David, 2 Sam. 23:11.
SHAMMAH, one of the thirty captains
of David, 2 Sam. 23:5.
SHAPE, form or external appearance,
Luke 3:22; John 5:37.
SHA'PHAN, [h] (a rabbit or wild
rat, or their breaking), the secretary of the temple
at Jerusalem under king Josiah, 2 Kings
22:3, 8, 12.
SHA'PHAT, [h] (that judges), one of
the
spies sent by Moses, of the tribe of
Simeon, Num. 13:5.
SHAPHAT, one of the royal house of
David, 1 Chron. 3:22.
SHAPHAT, one of the chief herdsmen
of David, 1 Chron. 27:29.
SHAPHAT, the father of Elisha, 1 Kings
19:16-19.
SHARE, the iron blade of a plough,
1 Sam. 13:20.
SHARE'ZER, [h] (prince of the trea-
sure), one of the sons of Sennacherib,
king of Assyria, and, with his brother,
murderer of his father, 2 Kings 19:37.
SHA'RON, [h] (his plain, his
field, or his
song), a fertile and delightful district of Canaan, between Joppa and Cesarea, 1
Chron. 27:29; Isa. 33:9. See
SARON.
SHARON, a city and district east of
Jordan, 1 Chron. 5:16.
SHARP, fit to cut with, Josh. 5:2; Psal.
52:2: with a piercing point, Psal. 45:5;
Isa. 49:2: hurtful, Psal. 57:4: eager
or severe, Acts 15:39.
SHARPEN, to make sharp, 1 Sam. 13:
20, 21; Prov. 27:17.
SHARPENED, did sharpen, Ezek. 21:9.
SHARPER, more adapted to cut or
pierce, Mic. 7:4; Heb. 4:12.
SHAVE, to pare, as the hair off the
chin or head with a razor, Lev. 14:9:
to inflict national calamities, Isa. 7:20.
Shaving off half the beard, as was done
to David's ambassadors, by the king of
Ammon, was a most atrocious insult,
2 Sam. 10:4
SHA'VEH, [h] (the plain, or that
makes
equality), a plain near to the brook Ce-
dron, Gen. 14:17. Absalom built a
pillar, as his monument, on a part of this
plain, near to Jerusalem, 2 Sam. 18:18.
SHAVEN, shaved, Jer. 41:5; 1 Cor.
11:5.
SHEAF, a bundle of corn, Gen. 37:
7; Lev. 23:10. To take away the
sheaf from the hungry, is to deprive the
poor of the means of support, Job 24:
10.
SHEAL'TIEL, a prince of Judah, Ezra
3:2; Hag. 1:1. See SALATHIEL.
SHEAR, to cut or clip, as the wool
from sheep, Gen. 31:19; 1 Sam. 25:4.
SHEARER, one who shears sheep, Gen.
38:12; 2 Sam. 13:23.
SHEARING, the act of cutting the wool
from sheep, 1 Sam. 25:2.
SHEARING-HOUSE, a shed to shelter
the shearers at their work, 2 Kings 10:
12-14.
SHEAR-JA'SHUB, [h] (the remnant
shall return), a son of Isaiah, Isa. 7:3.
SHEBA, a descendant of Shem, by
Joktan: he is believed to have given his
name to a district of Arabia, and from
him his descendants are thought to have
been called Sabeans, Job 1:15; Gen. 10:28.
SHEBA, a grandson of Abraham, by Keturah, Gen. 25:1-3: he, rather than
the son of Joktan, is supposed by some
to have given his name to a province
where he settled in Arabia.
SHEBA, a province in the south-east of Arabia, situated between the Red sea
and the Indian ocean. This country
abounded with the most valuable spices,
the rarest gems, and the finest gold, 1
Kings 10:10; Ezek. 27:22.
SHEBANI'AH, [h] (the Lord that
converts,
or that recals from captivity), a priest in
the time of David, 1 Chron. 15:24.
SHEBANIAH, a priest or Levite who
returned from Babylon, Neh. 12:14.
SHEB'NAH, [h] (who rests himself,
or who is now captive), secretary to king Hezekiah, 2 Kings 18:18-26. Sheb-
nah's vain ambition was mortified by the
threatening of the prophet Isaiah, Isa.
22:15-25.
SHE'CHEM, [h] (part, portion,
or early
in the morning), a prince in Canaan, Gen.
33:19; 34:2.
SHECHEM, a chief of the tribe of
Manasseh, Num. 26:31.
SHECHEM, an ancient city of Canaan,
near mount Ephraim, Josh. 24:1: it
was destroyed by Abimelech, Judg. 9:
1-45: rebuilt by Jeroboam, 1 Kings 12:
25; and for a long period continued a
city of importance, nearly forty miles
north of Jerusalem. In the New Testa-
ment it is called Sychar, John 4:5, and
Sychem, Acts 7:16. The modern city,
called Napolose, is delightfully situated
in a valley surrounded by magnificent
hills, and between the ancient Ebal and
Gerizim: it is supposed to contain nearly
10,000 inhabitants, mostly Mohamm_dans,
but a few Greek Christians.
SHEM, [h] (name, renown, or
he that
places), a son of Noah: he was
preserved
with his father in the ark, and special
blessings were pronounced upon his pos-
terity, including Divine ordinances, until
the advent of Messiah, Gen. 5:32; 9:
26, 27. His descendants peopled the
best province of Asia, 10:21-31; 11:10-
28.
SHEMAI'AH, [h] (that hears or
obeys
the Lord), a prophet who admonished and
reproved king Rehoboam, and wrote the
annals of his reign, 2 Chron. 11:2; 12:
5-15.
SHEMAIAH, a Levite sent by king
Jehoshaphat to instruct the people of
Judah, 2 Chron. 17:8.
SHEMAIAH, a Levite in the time of
king Hezekiah, 2 Chron. 29:4.
SHEMAIAH, a prince of the Levites in
the time of king Josiah, 2 Chron. 35:
9.
SHEMAIAH, a false prophet who lived
at Babylon, Jer. 29:24-32.
SHEMAIAH, a prince of Judah, Jer.
36:12.
SHEMAIAH, a false prophet in the time
of Nehemiah, Neh. 6:10. Several others
of this name are recorded.
SHEM'EBER, [h] (name of force, or of the strong), the king of Zeboim, Gen.
14:2.
SHEM'INITH, a musical instrument of
eight strings, Psal. 6. 12. title.
SHENA'ZAR, [h] (treasure of the
tooth
or of ivory), a son of Jeconiah king of
Judah, 1 Chron 3:18.
SHE'NIR, [h] (light that sleeps, or
renew-
ing of the lamp), mount Hermon, or a part
of it, Deut. 3:9; Sol. Song 4:8.
SHIB-BOLETH, [h] (a stream); it
was
Sibboleth in the corrupt dialect of the
Ephraimites, by the pronouncing of which
they were discovered at the passage of
the Jordan, and many slain in the bar-
barous war, Judg. 12:6.
,
Gen. 49:10. This text may be thus
rendered--"The power of government
shall not depart from Judah, nor an
administrator of the laws from among
his descendants, until the Peaceful come,
and to him shall be the gathering and
obedience of the Gentiles." That the
Messiah was intended by the inspiring
Spirit in Jacob, is evident from the lite-
ral fulfilment of the prophecy. For the sceptre, or tribal government, did not
depart from Judah until the time of
Christ. And within forty years after
His ascension Jerusalem was destroyed,
both the civil and ecclesiastical govern-
ment of Judah were subverted, the Jews
scattered, and "the people[,]" or Gentiles,
were gathered to Christ, by embracing
His gospel.
SHILOH, a famous city of Ephraim,
about twenty-five miles north of Jeru-
salem: Joshua assembled the Israelites
here, and fixed the tabernacle of the
covenant, which continued in this city
for nearly 350 years, Josh. 18:1; 19:
51. Here Samuel began his ministry,
as
it was the principal residence of the
high-priest and of the prophets, Judg.
18:31; 1 Sam. 1:3-24; 1 Kings 14:2.
SHIM'EAH, [h] (that hears or that
obeys),
a chief of the family of Benjamin, 1 Chron.
8:32.
SHIM'EI, [h] (that hears or that
obeys),
a noble captain of David's: he did not
join Adonijah, and was made a deputy
by Solomon, 1 Kings 1:8; 4:18.
SHIMEI, a kinsman of king Saul, a
malignant enemy of David: his insults
and imprecations were pardoned, but on
violating his parole he was put to death
by Solomon, 2 Sam. 16:5-13; 19:16;
1 Kings 2:8, 9, 36, 46.
SHIM'SHAI, [h], a secretary in the
service of the king of Persia, an
enemy
of the Jews, Ezra 4:8.
SHINE, to appear bright, as by the
light of the sun, Job 3:4; the stars,
Dan. 12:3; or fire, Job 18:5: to reflect
holiness, Matt. 5:16: to appear in im-
mortal glory, 13:43. God shines when
He manifests His favour, Psal. 31:16,
or enlightens the mind with
His saving
knowledge, 2 Cor. 4:4-6.
SHINED, did shine, Job 31:26; Acts
9:3: did enlighten the mind with divine
knowledge, 2 Cor. 4:6.
SHINING, light, Isa. 4:5: bright, Hab.
3:11.
SHIP, a large vessel for sailing on the
sea, Jon. 1:3-5; 1 Kings 9:26; Isa. 60:
9-56: a large boat, Matt. 4:21.
SHIPMASTER, the commander or cap-
tain of a ship's company, Jon. 1:6; Rev.
18:17.
SHIPMEN, the sailors or labourers in a
ship, 1 Kings 9:27; Acts 27:30.
SHIPPING, passage in a ship, John 6:
24.
SHIPH'RAH, [h] (handsome, or
trumpet,
or that does good), one of the Hebrew
midwives who preserved the children
of the Israelites in Egypt, Exod. 1:15.
SHIT'TAH, the black acacia-tree, about
the size of the mulberry-tree, common in
Upper Egypt, around mount Sinai, and
other parts of Arabia, Isa. 41:19.
SHIT'TIM, [h] (that turns away, or scourges, or thorns), a plain or valley on
the east of Jordan, Num. 25:1; Josh.
2:1; Joel 3:18.
SHITTIM-WOOD, the wood of the
Shittah-tree: it is hard, tough, smooth,
without knots, extremely beautiful, and
almost incorruptible, Exod. 25:5-10;
26:15.
SHIVERS, fragments of anything broken,
Rev. 2:27.
SHO'BAB, [h] (returned), a son of David,
2 Sam. 5:14.
SHO'BACH, [h] (your bonds,
chains, or nets), a general of the Syrians, 2 Sam. 10:
16-18.
SHOCK, a bundle of reaped corn, Job 5:
26.
SHOD, furnished with shoes, 2 Chron.
28:15.
SHOD, covered on the feet for travel-
ling, Mark 6:9; or for ornament, Ezek.
16:10. "Shod with the preparation of
the gospel," is to have the mind well
furnished with divine doctrine, for walk-
ing in the ways of God, Eph. 6:15.
SHOE, the covering of the foot, Exod.
12:11; Josh. 5:15. "Shoes being iron
and brass," denotes divine strength im-
parted for encountering the difficulties
in our course of duty, Exod. 33:25.
SHRINES, images,
cases for images, or
miniature temples, Acts 19:24.
SHROUD, a shelter or cover, Ezek.
31:3.
SHRUBS, small bushy trees, Gen. 21:
15.
SHU'AH, [h] (a pit, or that
swims, or that
prays), a son of Abraham by
Keturah,
Gen 25:2.
SHUAH, the wife of Judah, Gen.
38:2.
SHUN, to avoid, 2 Tim. 2:16.
SHU'NEM, [h] (their change, their
repeat-
ing, or their sleep), a city of Issachar near
mount Tabor, Josh. 19:18; 2 Kings
4:8.
SHUNAMITE, a native of Shunem, 1
Kings 1:3; 2 Kings 4:12.
SHUR, [h] (wall, ox, or that
beholds), a
city of Arabia, on the north-east of
the
Red sea: hence the name of the "wil-
derness of Shur," between Egypt and
Canaan, Gen. 16:7; Exod. 15:22; 1 Sam.
15:7; 27:8.
SHUSHAN, a musical instrument of six
strings, Psal. 60. title.
SHUT, to close, as gates, Neh. 13:19;
as with a door, Gen. 7:16: to enclose,
Exod. 14:3.
SHUTTLE, an instrument used in weav-
ing, Job 7:6.
SIB'BECHAI, [h] (motion, help,
or assist-
ance), a mighty man in the army of David,
2 Sam. 21:18.
SIB'MAH, [h], or SHIBMAH (conversion, captivity, age, or rust), a city east of Jor-
dan, near Heshbon, and famous for its
wines, Num. 32:38; Josh. 13:19;
Isa. 16:8, 9.
SICK, afflicted with disease, Gen. 48:
1; Matt. 8:14-16. "The heart is
sick"
when it experiences a grievous disap-
pointment, Prov. 13:12. "The nation
is sick" when injustice and crimes
pre-
vail, Isa. 1:5.
SICKLE, a reaping-hook to cut corn,
Deut. 16:9; Mark 4:29.
SICKLY, unhealthy, 1 Cor. 11:30.
SICKNESS, disease, Exod. 23:25:
national disorder, Hos. 5:13.
SIDE, the part of the body fortified by
the ribs, John 19:34; 20:20, 27: the out
part, Gen. 6:16: the margin or border,
Exod. 2:2: the extreme part, Deut. 4:
32: personal interest, Psal. 118:6.
"This side Jordan" means the eastern
side, as Moses wrote in Arabia, Num.
32:19. "This side the river" means
west of the Euphrates, as Ezra and Ne-
hemiah wrote in Judea, Ezra 5:3; Neh.
3:7.
SIDON, [h], or ZIDON, as it is more
correctly called (hunting, fishing, or venison),
the eldest son of Canaan, the grandson
of Noah, Gen. 10:15.
SI'HOR, [h] (black, trouble, or
early in
the morning), the brook Besor, 1 Sam. 30:
9, a small river falling into the Mediter-
ranean on the extreme south of Canaan,
and forming the boundary of it towards
Egypt, Josh. 13:3.
SILVERLING, a shekel, the standard
silver coin of the Hebrews, Isa. 7:23.
See SHEKEL.
SILVERSMITH, a worker in silver, a
maker of silver articles, Acts 19:24.
SIMILITUDE, a resemblance as to the
form, Psal. 106:20: a likeness in spiritual
nature, Jam. 3:9: a likeness of moral
character, Rom. 5:14.
SIM'EON, [h] (that hears or
obeys), a son
of Jacob, by Leah,
Gen. 29:33: he
appears to have been a man of a bold,
severe, and implacable temper, 34:
25, 30: and he is thought to have been
the most inhuman towards his brother Joseph, 37:20, 26; 42:23; 43:23.
SIMEON,
Συμεων, an aged man of emi-
nent piety at Jerusalem at the time of
the Saviour's birth: he being directed
by
the Holy Spirit, came to his presentation
in the temple, where he was inspired to
bear testimony to the Messiahship of
Jesus, Luke 2:25, 35. Simeon is be-
lieved to have been the son of the famous
Jewish doctor Hillel, and teacher of the
celebrated doctor Gamaliel, the
preceptor
of the apostle Paul, Acts 5:34; 22:3.
SIMEON, a son of Levi in the genealogy
of Christ, Luke 3:30.
SIMEON (Niger), one of the
Christian
prophets in the church of Antioch, Acts
13:1. See NIGER.
SIMON ZELOTES, one of the
twelve apostles, Luke 6:15, called the
Canaanite,
as he is supposed to have been a native
of Cana in Galilee: but we have no re-
cord of his particular history.
SIN, in our world, originated in our
first parents, complying with the tempta-
tion of the devil, a fallen spirit, to disobey
the holy law of God, Gen. 3.
Adam's transgression rendered all his
posterity guilty before God, and our nature cor-
rupted; and this depraved state in which
all mankind have been born children of
wrath, Eph. 2:3, constitutes what is
called original sin, the source of all
actual transgressions, and the cause of
misery and death: Rom. 5:12-17.
Hence
the necessity of our having a Person of
infinite excellency and worth for a Medi-
ator, who could atone for and put away
sin, and thereby reconcile us to God;
and hence the offices of Jesus Christ as
our surety, who of God is made unto us
wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctifi-
cation, and redemption, 1 Cor. 1:30; Heb.
7:22-27.
SIN, Christ made sin: though holy, He
was made legally accountable for the sins
of the world, and a sin offering, 2 Cor.
5:21; hence His sufferings for us, or His
bearing the punishment of our sins, Isa.
53:10-12; 1 Pet. 2:2.
SIN, to violate
the law of God, Deut.
20:18; Neh. 13:26; Rom. 6:15: to practiseiniquity, 1 John 3:9: to offend
against charity, 1 Sam. 12:23: to injure,
Gen. 42:22; Matt. 18:21.
SI'NAI, [h] (bush), a mountain of Arabia
Petrea, famous for its being the supposed
place round which the Israelites
were
assembled when God gave to them His law
by the ministry of Moses, Exod. 16:1;
19:
1, 2, 20; Lev. 26:46; Gal. 4:25. Sinai
is a summit of the rocky district of
Mount Horeb, on the peninsula formed
by the two arms or gulfs of the Red sea,
about 260 miles from Cairo in Egypt.
There are two lofty peaks in this range
from 6000 to 8000 feet high, Horeb and
Sinai: but travellers are not able to
determine which of them is Sinai proper:
one is called El Tor, or the Mountain,
and the whole mountain range is called
Djebel Mousa, or the Mount of Moses,
by the Arabs, Exod. 3:1-12; Deut. 4:10,
15; 5:2. Superstition has determined
that the more elevated is Sinai, on which
is built a chapel dedicated to St. Catha-
rine, and a monastery to the same saint,
at the foot of the mountain: to visit these
sacred places, travellers are obliged to sub-
mit to various impositions from the Arabs.
SION, Σιων, Heb.
[h] (monument or turret),
the highest hill of Jerusalem, not
far
from mount Moriah, on which the temple
of Solomon was erected, 2 Sam. 5:7;
Heb.
12:22; Rev. 14:1. See ZION.
SISTER-IN-LAW, husband or wife's
sister, Ruth 1:15.
SIT, to repose the body, as in taking
food, 1 Sam. 9:22; Luke 9:14; in giving
judgment, Ruth 4:1; in giving instruc-
tion, Matt. 23:2; in partaking of the
Lord's supper, 26:20; in the blessed-
ness of heaven, Luke 13:29.
SITH, since, or as, Ezek. 35:6.
SITTING, reposing for rest, Judg. 3:
20: stationed in office, Matt. 9:9: seated
for ease, Neh. 2:6: brooding, Deut. 22:6.
SITUATE, placed, as a city near the
sea or a river, Ezek. 27:3; Nah. 3:8.
SITUATION, position, or place, as of a
city, 2 Kings 2:19; Psal. 48:2.
SIVAN, the third month of the Jewish
sacred year, Esth. 8:9. See MONTH.
SKILL, intelligence or practical wisdom,
Dan. 1:17; 9:22.
SKILL, to be ingenious in handicraft
employment, 1 Kings 5:6; 2 Chron. 2:7.
SKIN, the natural covering of our flesh,
Job 2:4; Ezek. 37:6: the hide of a
beast, Num. 19:5: the natural com-
plexion, Jer. 13:23. To flay off the skin
is to oppress extremely, Mic. 3:2, 3.
Escaping with the skin of one's teeth,
indicates loss of everything but life, Job
19:20. Skin for skin is a proverbial
expression denoting the preciousness of
life, Job 2:4.
SLAUGHTER, destruction in war, 1 Sam.
14:14: death, as of a beast by the
butcher, Acts 8:32: massacre, Acts 9:
1: feasting at victory in a war, Jam. 5:5.
SLIGHTLY, negligently, or unsoundly,
Jer. 6:14; 8:11.
SLIME, viscous mire, Gen. 11:3; Exod.
2:3. That mentioned by Moses was a
kind of bitumen or mineral pitch. See
PITCH.
SLIME-PITS, holes in the earth abound-
ing in various parts of Canaan and the
vicinity of Babylon, Gen. 14:10.
SLING, a string contrived with a loop
for the throwing of stones in battle, 1
Sam. 17:4, 50; 2 Chron. 26:16.
SLINGERS, men trained for war by
slinging stones, Judg. 26:16; 2 Kings
3:26.
SLIP, to slide, Job 12:5: to fall off,
Deut. 19:5: to escape, as divine truths
or promises from the mind, Heb. 2:1.
SLIPPERY, dangerous, Psal. 73:18;
Jer. 23:12.
SLOTHFUL, indolent or lazy, Judg.
18:9; Prov. 15:19.
SLOTHFULNESS, indolence or negli-
gence, Prov. 19:15; Eccles. 10:18.
SLOW, not quick, Exod. 4:10: not
hasty, Neh. 9:17: disinclined, Luke
24:25. Slowness of speech is difficulty
of utterance, Exod. 4:10. Slow to
wrath, is being not hasty to punish, Neh.
9:17; Prov. 14:29.
SLOWLY, not quickly, tardily, Acts
27:7.
SLUGGARD, an idler, a lazy person,
Prov. 6:6; 20:4
SLUICE, a water-gate or flood-gate, Isa.
19:10.
SLUMBER, light sleep, Psal. 122:4;
Prov. 6:4, 10: carelessness, negligence
of duty or of interest, Rom. 11:8.
SLUMBER, to sleep lightly, Psal. 121:
3, 4: to be careless, Isa. 5:27; Nah. 3:18.
SMALL, little, as in size, John 2:15;
6:9: as in comparison, 2 Sam. 7:19:
as in importance, Gen. 30:16: as in
violence, Acts 27:20.
SMALLEST, least in importance, 1 Sam.
9:21; 1 Cor. 6:2.
SMART, to endure pain or loss, Prov.
11:15.
SMELL, scent or odour, Gen. 27:27;
Dan. 3:27.
SMELL, to perceive by the nostrils,
Deut. 4:28: to approve, as the holy
incense, Lev. 26:31; Amos 5:21
SMELLED, did smell, Gen. 27:27:
did approve, as perceiving sincerity, 8:21.
SMELLING, the sense of smelling, 1
Cor. 4:17.
SMELLING, odoriferous, Eph. 5:2.
SMITE, to strike, Exod. 7:17; 21:18,
20: to wound, 1 Sam. 18:11; 20:33:
to kill, Exod. 12:12. To smite a city, is
to besiege or attack it, Josh. 7:3; 10:4.
To smite an army, is to attack and con-
quer it, Judg. 6:16. To smite with the
tongue, is to reproach or calumniate, Jer.
18:18.
SMITERS, those who smite or inflict
punishment, Isa. 50:6.
SMITH, one who works in metal, as in
iron, 1 Sam. 13:19; Isa. 44:12; or in
silver, Acts 19:24; or in copper, 2 Tim.
4:14.
SMITING, striking, Exod. 3:11; 1
Kings 20:37: vanquishing, as an army,
2 Sam. 8:13; 2 Kings 3:24.
SMOKE, to emit black exhalations, Psal.
104:32: to be angry, Deut. 29:20.
SMOKING, emitting smoke, Gen. 15:7:
burning, Exod. 20:18.
SMOOTH, even or soft, Gen. 27:11:
not rough, 1 Sam. 17:40: flattering,
not reproving, Isa. 30:10.
SMOOTHER, more soft and flattering,
Psal. 55:21.
SMOTE, did smite, Gen. 19:11; Num.
11:33.
SMYR'NA, Σμυρνα
(myrrh), a city of Asia Minor, about forty miles north
of
Ephesus, famous for its having been
thought the birthplace of Homer, but
more so as having contained one of the
seven churches of Asia, specially ad-
dressed by Jesus Christ, Rev. 1:11; 2:8.
Polycarp is supposed by some to have
been the angel or bishop of this Christian
congregation addressed by John, as he
sustained that office some years after-
wards, and was martyred here, A.D. 160,
at the age of 95. Smyrna is now the
principal emporium of trade in the Le-
vant; it is called by the Turks Ismir,
and the population is estimated to in-
clude 70,000 Turks, 30,000 Greeks, 15,000
Armenians, 10,000 Jews, 5000 Franks,
&c.