Bible Dictionary: Gn.   1840

GNASH, to grind the teeth together, as a passionate man, in rage or vexation, Psal. 112:10; Lam. 2:16. GNASHED, did gnash or grind the teeth in rage, Acts 7:54. GNASHING, grinding with the teeth in torment, Matt. 8:12. GNAT, a small winged insect, Matt. 23:24.   Our Saviour's expression re- fers to the filtering of wine, lest the insect should be swallowed with the liquor, and so cause pain; and the pro- verb regards the superstitious and hypo- critical conduct of the Pharisees, who would avoid even the most trifling de- viations in ceremony, but would commit enormous violations of the moral law of God: hence the proverb, "Ye strain out a gnat, but swallow a camel." GNAW, to bite cruelly or devour, which the enemies of the church are repre- sented as doing in their oppressions, Zeph. 3:3. GNAWED, did gnaw, as the enemies of God are represented doing, in their an- guish under the Divine infliction of pun- ishment, Rev. 16:10. GO, to proceed or depart, as on a journey, Gen. 24:55; Exod. 3:19.   To "go to," is to enter upon any work, de- liberating and executing it with prompt- ness, Gen. 11:3, 4; Jam. 5:1. GOAD, a pike-staff to drive cattle, Judg. 3:31; Eccles. 12:11. GOAT, a well-known animal pastured with sheep, Gen. 30:32-35; 1 Sam. 25: 2.   Besides the species common in these western countries, there was a goat of Pa- lestine remarkable for the textile struc- ture of its hair, Deut. 32:14.   It was a clean animal, and fit for sacrifice, Gen. 15:9; Exod. 12:5; Num. 7:17, 88; delicious as food, Gen. 27:9, affording abundance of milk, Prov. 27:26, 27: its shaggy hair was made into cloth, and some of it that was fine was wrought into beautiful hangings, Exod. 35:6, 26, and shawls are still made of the fine hair, resembling silk, in some parts of the East.   Goat-skins were used for coarse garments, and flocks of these animals formed much of the eastern wealth, 2 Chron. 17:11.   Goat-worship was common among the Egyptians, Moab- ites, Greeks, and Romans, who chose this animal as an emblem of their deity Pan, "the god of shepherds," repre- sented as "half man and half goat." Hence the "satyrs[,]" Isa. 13:[21,] 22, or "hairy ones," translated devils, Lev. 17:7.   See SATYR. GOB, [h] (a cistern), a city or place of the Philistines, 2 Sam. 21:18, 19. GOBLET, a small cup, Sol. Song 7:2. GOD, the common title given to the Almighty, self-existent Creator of all things in heaven and earth, Gen. 1:1; 17:1.   Properly speaking, God can have no name, Exod. 3:6, 13, 15, though He has mercifully condescended to reveal Himself by many venerable, significant, and endearing titles, in the Scriptures. This word, God, is of Saxon origin, sig- nifying good: the German is Gott, the Latin, Deus, the French, Dieu, the Greek, Θεος, Theos, the Hebrew, יה, Jah, Psal. 68:4.   God, in His nature, is a spirit, John 4:24; and He is infinite, eternal, and unchangeable, in His being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness, and truth, essentially worthy to be the Cre- ator, and Governor, and Judge of the universe; and to be loved, and worship- ped, and glorified, with all the powers of all His intelligent creatures, Rev. 4: 8-11; 7:9-12. GOD.   Elohim Jehovah is Christ Jesus. GOD of Heaven--p. 72: HL.   Ezra. god: this word, in the Scriptures, is also variously applied to creatures.   An- gels are called "gods," as being the deputies of God in executing parts of His government of the world, Psal. 97: 7; Heb. 1:6.   Judges also, on account of their office, Exod. 22:28; Psal. 82: 1, 2.   Moses, as the special minister of Jehovah, was "a god to Pharaoh," Exod. 7:1.   Satan is called "the god of this world," as he is the deceiver and ruler of the ungodly, 2 Cor. 4:4.   Idols are called "gods," as they are adored by superstitious wicked persons, Deut 32: 17; Judg. 2:12.   Sensualists, caring chiefly for the gratification of their animal [carnal] appe- tites, are said to make a "god of their belly," Phil. 3:19. goddess, a pretended female divinity; of which class were many of the abomi- nations of the heathen, as Ashtoreth, Diana, &c., 1 Kings 11:5; Acts 19:27. GODHEAD, the essence or nature of God, Acts 17:29; Rom. 1:20; Col. 2:9. In the glorious mystery of the Godhead there are three Persons, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, Matt. 28:19; 2 Cor. 13:14; 1 John 5:7. GODLINESS, God's dispensation of mercy to mankind by a Mediator, whose office exhibits the incarnation of Deity, 1 Tim. 3:16: the essence of true reli- gion, 1 Tim. 2:2; 2 Pet. 1:3-6: practical piety, 1 Tim. 4:8; 2 Pet. 3:11. GODLY, resembling God, Psal. 4:3: leading to God, 2 Cor. 7:9, 10. GODLY, religiously, piously, 2 Tim. 3: 12; Tit. 2:12. GODWARD, regarding God, or tending to God, Exod. 18:19; 2 Cor. 3:4; 1 Thess. 1:8. GOG, [h] (roof or covering), a descendant of Reuben, 1 Chron. 5:4.   Gog and Ma- gog denote the northern nations of bar- barians, who, under the name of Scythians, Goths, &c., desolated parts of Europe and Asia, Ezek. 38. 39.; Rev. 20: 8.   See MAGOG. GOING, proceeding, Josh. 10:11; Acts 20:5. GOINGS, journeyings, Num. 33:2: proceedings, Prov. 5:21; 20:24: ways or roads, Num. 34:5. GO'LAN, [h] (passage or revolution), one of the cities of refuge, situated in Bashan, Deut. 4:43. GOLD, a well-known yellow metal: it is the purest, most ductile and shining, and consequently the most precious of all metals: it is found in most countries but especially in India, Western Africa, and South America.   Gold is astonish- ingly ductile, so that an ounce is said to have been drawn into a wire of 240 miles in length.   Immense quantities of gold were brought by the Israelites from Egypt, and acquired in Canaan, of which they made various articles of furniture for the tabernacle, Exod. 25:3, 11, &c. David and Solomon possessed prodigi- ous masses of gold, most of which was expended on the several parts of the temple of God at Jerusalem, 1 Chron. 22:14-16; 29:4-7.   Gold is frequently referred to in the Scriptures, as an appro- priate emblem of what is precious and desirable, Prov. 16:16; 1 Pet. 1:7; Rev. 3:18. GOLDEN, made of gold, Dan. 3:5: that which is rich or wealthy, Jer. 51:7. GOLDSMITH, a maker of golden vessels or ornaments, Isa. 40:19.   Goldsmiths were numerous in Israel, even in the times after the captivity, Neh. 3:8, 31. GOL'GOTHA, Γολγοθα (a heap of sculls), the Hebrew name of a part of the hill of Calvary, the place for the execution of criminals without the city of Jerusalem, and where the soldiers crucified our Lord, John 19:17. GOLI'ATH, [h] (passage or discovery), a Philistine giant slain by David, 1 Sam. 17:4, 23, 50.   Goliath was eleven feet four and a half inches in height, reckon- ing the cubit at twenty-one inches; and at eighteen inches, his height was nine feet nine inches: his armour is computed to have weighed about two hundred and thirteen pounds. GO'MER, [h] (to finish, or a consumer), the eldest son of Japheth, and progenitor of the nations of western Asia and Eu- rope, Gen. 10:2. GOMOR'RAH, [h] (a rebellious people), a city of ancient Canaan, whose inhabit- ants were addicted to most abominable practices; and they were therefore de- stroyed by fire from God with guilty Sodom.   Gen. 18:20; 19:4.   See SODOM. GOMORRAH.   Tract. GOOD, fruitfulness, Gen. 45:18: what is conducive to happiness, Job 2:10: property, 1 Chron. 29:3. GOOD, right, virtuous, or conducing to happiness.   Creation, being the work of God, and everything which He had made being perfect in its kind, was good, very good, Gen. 1:4-31.   Truly religious men, possessing the grace of Christ, on whom they rely for salvation, being influenced by their holy principles in the practice of moral virtues, are good, Matt. 25:21; 2 Tim. 3:3; Tit. 1:8. GOODLIER, taller or more elegant, as in person, 1 Sam. 9:2. GOODLIEST, tallest, most vigorous, 1 Sam. 8:16. GOODLINESS, beauty or elegance, Isa. 40:6. GOODLY, beautiful, fine, Exod. 2:2; Job 39:13. GOODNESS, excellency, glory, Exod. 33:19: spiritual blessings, Psal. 65: 4: providential mercies, ver. 11: moral, qualities or Christian virtues, Rom. 15: 14.   "The goodness of the LORD," de- sired by the saints of old, was the mani- festation of the promised Messiah, Psal. 27:13. GOPHER-WOOD, a kind of cypress, or general name for the timber trees adapted to be used in constructing the ark of Noah, Gen. 6:14.   The cypress is more commonly believed to have been intended, especially as Alexander the Great built a fleet of ships with the timber of this tree growing about Babylon. GORE, to pierce with a horn, Exod. 21:28-31. GORGEOUS, glittering, splendid, pomp- ous, as the bespangled robes of a king, Luke 23:11. GORGEOUSLY, magnificently, pompous- ly, Ezek. 23:12; Luke 7:25. GO'SHEN, [h] (approaching or nearness), a frontier city of Egypt, Gen. 46:29. GOSHEN, THE LAND OF, a fertile dis- trict of Egypt, on the eastern bank of the Nile; and on account of its excellent pasturage, it was granted by Pharaoh for the residence of the Israelites, Gen. 45:10; 47:6; Exod. 8:22. GOSHEN, a fertile district in Canaan, allotted to the tribe of Judah, Josh. 10: 41; 11:16. GOSPEL, Εύαγγελιον (a good message or glad tidings), Mark 1:1, 15; Luke 2:10. The gospel is the doctrine of Christianity, Rom. 1:16, the grand revelation of God's mercy to man, granting pardon and eter- nal life to guilty transgressors through Jesus Christ, with the sanctification of the heart by the grace of the Holy Spirit: hence it is called, among other significant titles, "the gospel of the grace of God[,]" Acts 20:24.   While the gospel consists of the most sublime doctrines, worthy of the Divine wisdom and goodness, it pre- scribes and secures the most refined morality in those who are true Chris- tians, Tit. 2:11-14. GOSPEL, The.   John 3:16; 1 Cor. 15:1-4. List: Personal Evangelism. GOSPEL, the title given to each of the four inspired histories of our Lord's ministry; as they exhibit the Redeemer in His glorious work of obedience, suffer- ing, and death, performing the conditions of the new covenant for our redemption and salvation, Isa. 53.; Dan. 9:24; Luke 24:27. GOURD, a plant supposed to have been the Egyptian kiki, called by Niebuhr kheroa, and by others palma Christi, the Castor-oil plant of commerce.   It grows eight feet high, with very large palmate leaves, admirably suited to the miracu- lous use in shading the rebellious pro- phet Jonah, Jon. 4:6. GOURDS, WILD: these were gathered from the field vine, bearing poisonous berries, 2 Kings 4:39. GOZ'AN, [h] (fleece or pasture), a river and province of Media, whither the king of Assyria carried the Israelites, 2 Kings 17:6; 19:12. GRACE, favour, Gen. 6:8; 19:19; 34:4.   The grace of God is His mer- ciful favour to guilty men, which origin- ated his new covenant of redemption, and the gift of His Son to be our Re- deemer, with all the blessings of salva- tion by Jesus Christ, John 1:17; 3:16; Rom. 3:24-26.   The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ is His loving compassion to sinners, exhibited in His giving Himself for their redemption, and felt by be- lievers in its invigorating and consoling power upon their hearts, 2 Cor. 8:9; Eph. 5:2, 26, 27.   The grace of God commonly denotes the influences of the Holy Spirit on the souls of Christians, illuminating, sanctifying, comforting, and strengthening them in the ways of holi- ness, Luke 2:4; 1 Cor. 1:4; 3:10: it denotes all spiritual gifts, Eph. 4:7-12; spiritual blessings, John 1:16; 2 Tim. 1: 9: the doctrine of free redemption by Christ, John 1:17; 2 Cor. 6:1; Gal. 5:4: holiness in conversation, Col. 4:6: acts of pious liberality, 2 Cor. 8:6, 7: and personal elegance of form and appear- ance, Prov. 4:9; Jam. 1:11. GRACE, unmerited favour.   Eph. 2:8-9. GRACIOUS, favourable, kind, Gen. 43: 29: merciful, Exod. 33:19: virtuous, Prov. 11:16: instructive and consolatory, Luke 4:22. GRACIOUSLY, kindly, bountifully, Gen. 33:5: mercifully, favourably, Hos. 14:2. GRAFFED, inserted, as a young branch is into the stock of a tree for the pro- duction of good fruit: thus God grafted the Gentiles into Christ, when He brought them into His [family], by the ministry of the gospel, Rom. 11:17-24. GRAIN, a small particle, as the seed- corn, Amos 9:9; Matt. 13:31; 1 Cor. 15:37. GRANDMOTHER, the mother of any one's father or mother, 2 Tim. 1:5. GRANT, a license, privilege, or order, as of a king, Ezra 3:7. GRANT, to bestow, as a favour, 1 Sam. 1:17; Matt. 20:21. GRANTED, did grant or bestow, Ezra 7:6. GRANTED, bestowed or imparted, Acts 11:18. GRAPES, the valuable fruit of the vine, for which Canaan was distinguished, Num. 13:20-23; the clusters or bunches of which were sometimes more than twelve pounds in weight. GRASS, the herb which God created for the food of cattle, Gen. 1:11: the mortal glory of man, Isa. 40:6, 7; 1 Pet. 1:24. GRASSHOPPER, a small destructive in- sect of the locust kind, Lev. 11:22; Isa. 40:22; Amos 7:1.   Feeble age is repre- sented as unable to sustain the weight of a grasshopper, Eccles. 12:5. GRATE, a firepan with holes, Exod. 27:3. GRAVE, the place of burial, Gen. 35: 20; John 11:38. GRAVE, to carve or engrave, as on stones or metal, Exod. 28:9, 36; 2 Chron. 2:7, 14.   See ENGRAVE. GRAVE, serious, rational, 1 Tim. 3:8- 11; Tit. 2:2. GRAVED, did grave or carve, 1 Kings 7:36; 2 Chron. 3:7. GRAVEL, hard or stony sand, Prov. 20: 17; Lam. 3:16. GRAVEN, carved or engraved, Exod. 32:16: sculptured, as images, Deut. 7:5; Isa. 10:10.   See IMAGES. GRAVING, a carving or sculpture, 2 Chron. 2:14; Zech. 3:9. GRAVING, cutting or engraving, Exod. 32:4. GRAVITY, seriousness becoming reli- gion, 1 Tim. 3:4; Tit. 2:7. GRAY, white with age, as the hair, 1 Sam. 12:2. GREASE, the soft part of fat, Psal. 119:7. GREAT, large in bulk, Gen. 29:2: famous or honourable among men, Exod. 11:3.   Great is a word of very frequent application to what is powerful, exten- sive, numerous, illustrious, evil, &c. Greater and greatest are used with simi- lar latitude. GREATLY, in a great degree, Deut. 15: 4: earnestly, Phil. 1:8: excessively, Gen. 32:7. GREATNESS, excellency, Deut. 3:24; 5:24: fame, Isa. 57:10: invincible effi- cacy, Eph. 1:19. GREAVES, plates of metal, as for ar- mour, 1 Sam. 17:6. GRE'CIA, [h], Greece (he that deceives). The Hebrew word in Dan. 8:21; 10:20; 11:2, is Javan, rendered Greece in Zech. 9:13, and properly in Isa. 66:19, and Ezek. 27:13: but in each place the prophet intended Greece, Daniel espe- cially referring to its famous king, Alexander the Great.   See JAVAN and GREECE. GRE'CIANS, inhabitants of Greece, Joel 3:6: those Jews who resided in the cities of Greece, or in other cities, using the Greek language, Acts 6:1; 11:20. See GREEKS. GREECE, Έλλας, a famous country on the south-east of Europe, including nu- merous small islands.   Daniel, referring to Alexander the Great, Dan. 8:21, included, as in its largest extent under that mighty conqueror, Macedonia in Greece; and with this, Thessaly, Epirus, Hellas, or Greece Proper, and the Morea: its boundaries, therefore, were the Scar- dian mountains on the north, the Levant on the south, on the west the Adriatic sea, and on the east Asia Minor. GREECE, in the New Testament, ac- cording to its divisions under the Ro- mans, who conquered it about the year B. C. 146, is restricted, not including Macedonia, Acts 20:2.   This country, though small in extent, is celebrated above every other of ancient times, for its statesmen, legislators, philosophers, and orators, and for their high cultiva- tion of literature, science, and the arts: its chief cities were Athens and Corinth, Acts 17; 18.   Greece originally was peopled by the sons of Javan, at an early period after the deluge, Gen. 10:2-5; and it became famous for a number of independent political states, especially for their union in prosecuting the Trojan war, about 900 years B.C.   Alexander, king of Macedon, reduced these states under his power about the year 330 B.C.; and, by his foreign conquests, established numerous colonies of Greeks in other countries, thus spreading their beautiful language.   Many of the Jews settled in the new cities of the Greeks, having equal civil privileges, and they soon made a translation of the Old Testament into their adopted language to read in their public worship, by which means Divine Providence prepared the way for the preaching of the gospel in Jewish syna- gogues far from Judea, and thus for the promulgation and advancement of Chris- tianity, Acts 19:10-17. GREEDILY, eagerly, Prov. 21:26; Jude 11. GREEDINESS, eagerness of pursuit, Eph. 4:19. GREEDY, ravenous, Psal. 17:12: eager or covetous, Prov. 15:27; 1 Tim. 3:3. GREEK, the language of Greece, John 19:20; Acts 21:37: a native of Greece, Acts 16:1; Gal. 2:3. GREEK NEW TESTAMENT, Ελληνικά. List: Ministry. GREEKS, inhabitants of Greece, and using the Greek language, Acts 14:1, 2: Jews settled in the Grecian cities and speaking the Greek language, as at Alex- andria in Egypt, John 12:20.   Greeks became a common designation, employed by the Jews, for all the civilised Gentiles after the conquest of Judea and the whole East by Alexander, Acts 20:21; Rom. 1: 14; 1 Cor. 1:22-24. GREEN, grass colour, Exod. 10:15: unripe, Lev. 2:14: prosperous in life, Job 7:16. GREENISH, inclining to green in colour, Lev. 13:49. GREENNESS, unripeness, freshness, Job 8:12. GREET, to salute in friendship, 1 Sam. 25:5; Rom. 16:3. GREETING, a salutation, Matt. 23:7. GREETING, saluting, Acts 15:23; 23: 26. GREW, did grow, Gen. 2:5: did multi- ply, Exod. 1:12. GREYHOUND, a tall fleet dog for hunt- ing, Prov. 30:31. GRIEF, piercing sorrow, Gen. 26:35: injury or oppression, 1 Pet. 2:19. GRIEVANCE, calamity, Hab. 1:3. GRIEVE, to afflict, 1 Sam. 2:33: to provoke, Eph. 4:30. GRIEVED, pierced with grief, Exod. 1: 12; Mark 3:5: provoked, Gen. 6:6; Heb. 3:10: offended, Rom. 14:15. GRIEVING, afflicting or distressing, Ezek. 28:24. GRIEVOUS, afflictive or calamitous, Gen. 12:10: painful or distressing, Prov. 15:10; Heb. 12:11: injurious, as unprincipled teachers, Acts 20:29: atro- cious, 25:7. GRIND, to reduce to powder, by grind- ing, as corn for flour, in a mill, Isa. 47: 2; Judg. 16:21: to crush, as with a mill-stone, Matt. 21:44: to oppress by severe exactions, Isa. 3:15. GRINDERS, the teeth, as the instru- ments of grinding the food in eating, Eccles. 12:4. GRINDING, working at the mill, re- ducing the corn to meal, Matt. 24: 41. GRISLED, mingled white and black, Gen. 31:10; Zech. 6:3. GROAN, to sigh deeply, as with pain, Job 24:12; Jer. 51:53: to ardently de- sire a deliverer, as the afflictive world wished for the coming of the promised Messiah, Rom. 8:22; or as afflicted Christians desired their anticipated bles- sedness in Heaven, ver. 23. GROANED, did groan or sigh loudly, John 11:33. GROANING, sorrowful sighing, Exod. 2:24; Job 23:2; Ezek. 30:24: in- ward prayers, Psal. 102:20. GROANING, sighing loudly, John 11:38. GROPE, to feel the way, as blind per- sons, Deut. 28:29; Isa. 59:10. GROSS, thick, palpable, Isa. 60:2: fat or stupid, Matt. 13:15. GROUND, earth, Gen. 2:5-7: land, 2 Kings 2:9: foundation principles, 1 Tim. 3:15. GROUNDED, fixed, as a weapon of war by an enemy, Isa. 30:32: firmly esta- blished, Eph. 3:7. GROVE, a plantation of trees, as used by the patriarchs for the purposes of retire- ment and devotion, Gen. 21:33.   Groves were used most commonly by supersti- tion for the abominations of idol worship, Deut. 8:5; 1 Kings 14:15-23; 15:13; 16:33. GROW, to vegetate and increase, Gen. 2:9: to prevail, Ezra 4:22; Acts 5:24: to advance or flourish, Eph. 4:15; 2 Pet. 3:18. GROWN, advanced in size or stature, Exod. 2:11; 1 Kings 12:8; 2 Kings 4: 18. GROWTH, vegetation, as grass, Amos 7:1. GRUDGE, ill-will, Lev. 19:18. GRUDGE, to murmur or repine, Psal. 59:15: to envy, Jam. 5:9. GRUDGING, cherishing ill towards guests, 1 Pet. 4:9. GRUDGINGLY, niggardly, unwillingly, 2 Cor. 9:7. GUARD, a man or body of soldiers appointed to watch and defend kings and cities, Gen. 37:38; 2 Sam. 23: 23; Acts 28:16. GUARD-CHAMBER, a royal armory or storehouse for armour, 1 Kings 14: 28. GUEST, a person entertained, as at a feast, 1 Kings 1:41; Luke 19:7. GUIDE, a counseller, Psal. 55:13; 2 Sam. 15:12: a leader, Acts 1:16. GUIDE, to direct or lead, Isa. 58:11: to instruct, Acts 8:31. GUIDED, did guide or direct, Psal. 78:5: did preserve, 2 Chron. 32: 22. GUIDING, extending, Gen. 48:14. GUILE, deceit, Exod. 21:14: insin- cerity, Psal. 32:2; John 1:47. GUILT, criminality, as being guilty, Deut. 19:13. GUILTINESS, grievous criminality, Gen. 26:10; Psal. 51:14. GUILTY, chargeable with crime, Gen. 42:21; Num. 35:27; Rom. 3:19; 1 Cor. 11:27. GUILTY.   Tract. GULF, an impassable deep, Luke 16: 26. GUR, [h] (a whelp), a city of Samaria, near Jezreel, 2 Kings 9:27. GUR-BA'AL, [h] (the whelp of Baal), a city of Arabia, probably Petra, 2 Chron. 26:7. GUSH, to flow violently, Jer. 9:18. GUSHED, did gush or flow violently, 1 Kings 18:28; Isa. 48:21; Acts 1: 18. GUTTER, a common sewer, as of a city, 2 Sam. 5:8: a water-trough, Gen. 30:38-41.

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