CÆSARE'A, [g] (a bush of hair),
a
city and port of Palestine, on the Medi-
terranean sea, seventy-five miles north-
west from Jerusalem. The Tower of
Strato was erected here for the defence
of the harbour; but Herod the Great
improved the port by a breakwater, and
built the city, which he called Cæsarea,
in honour of his patron Augustus, to
whom also he erected a superb temple,
adorned with the statue of that em-
peror. It soon rose to an extraor-
dinary height of magnificence, and be-
came the residence of the Roman pro-
consul; hence the fact of Paul being
kept a prisoner for two years at Cæsarea,
and that so many things are mentioned
as having occurred in relation to Chris-
tians in this great city, Acts 8:40; 10:1;
12:19; 23.; 24.; 25:4-14. Our en-
graving represents the present condition,
merely ruins of Cæsarea.
CÆSARE'A PHILIPPI:
this city was
originally called Laish, Judg. 18:7,
and afterwards Dan, ver. 29; but Philip,
the youngest son of Herod the Great,
having obtained the government of
Iturea, Luke 3:1, enlarged and embel-
lished this city, giving it this new name,
in honour of himself and of his patron,
the emperor Tiberius: it was situated
near to mount Hermon, on the eastern
side of the source of the river Jordan,
Matt. 16:13; Mark 8:27.
CAGE, an enclosure of twigs or wire
in which birds are kept, Jer. 5:27. Pro-
phetic Babylon is so called, Rev. 17:2.
CAIN, קין (a
possession), the first-born of
the human family, Gen. 4:1. Eve is
thought to have regarded her first-born
son as [a] promised [d]eliverer; but, to
her sorrow, she witnessed his being the
first deist, while the depraved charac-
ter and fearful crimes of this "father of
unbelievers" illustrate the evil
nature
and ruinous tendency of infidelity, Gen.
4:1; John 3:12.
CAIN, a city of Judah, Josh. 15:57.
CAI'NAN, [h] (possession, or
purchaser),
a son of Enos, Gen. 5:9; Luke 3:37.
CAI'NAN, a son of Arphaxad, Luke 3:36.
CAKE, a delicate small loaf of bread,
Exod. 12:39; Lev. 24:5; Jer. 7:18.
A cake not turned, means imperfectly
baked only on one side, Hos. 7:18, as
the ten tribes were only professors of
the true religion, while inclining to the
practice of idolatry.
CA'LAH, [h] (favourable, or
humility, or floor), a city built in Assyria, by Ashur
or Nimrod, Gen. 10:12.
CALEB, or CHELUBAI, a son of Hezron,
1 Chron. 2:9, 18, 42.
CALEB, the son of Hur, grandson of
the former, 1 Chron. 2:19, 50.
CALEB, a town or place of Judah, 1
Sam. 30:14: probably the same as
Caleb-Ephratah, 1 Chron. 2:24.
CALF, the young of a cow, Job. 21:
10. The flesh of a fatted calf was re-
garded as choice food by the Israelites,
Gen. 18:7; 1 Sam. 28:24; Luke 15:23.
, Luke 23:33, a small hill near
Jerusalem, where criminals were exe-
cuted, and where the soldiers crucified Christ, Matt. 27:33-35; John 19:17,
18. See GOLGOTHA.
CALVE, to bring forth, as a cow, Job
21:10, or the hind, Jer. 14:5.
CALVES, the young of oxen, 1 Sam. 6:
7, and of deer, Job 39:1: idols in
the form of calves, as made by king
Jeroboam, to prevent the ten tribes from
returning to the kingdom of Judah, by
their going to worship at Jerusalem,
1 Kings 12:28: the ignorant people,
Psal. 68:30: expressions of praise
and thanksgiving, Hos. 14:2.
CAME, did come, Gen. 19:1: did
originate, 10:14: did befal, 2 Tim. 3:11:
did occasion, 1 Cor. 15:21: was ap-
pointed, Matt. 20:28: did reveal him-
self, Gen. 20:3; Num. 22:9.
CAMEL, a beast of burden, invaluable
to travellers in the deserts of Asia and
Africa, 1 Chron. 5:21; Job 1:3. This
animal requires but little food of the
coarsest kind, while capable of enduring
surprising fatigue, on which accounts
the Arabs call it the ship of the desert,
Gen. 24:10, 61. There are two species
mentioned in Scripture: the Arabian
camel or dromedary, with one hairy
bunch on its back; the fleetness of this
animal is very great, being able to travel
with a load of nearly 2000 lbs. weight
for about 100 miles a day, 1 Sam. 30:
17. The Bactrian camel, with two
bunches on its back: this abounds in
central Asia, from Persia to China, Est.
8:10. The natural history of this
animal, in its adaptation to its native
regions, remarkably illustrates the wis-
dom and goodness of God. Our engrav-
ing will convey an idea of the mode of
traveling on camels, in the caravans of
merchants, through the great deserts of
Arabia. See DROMEDARY. "A camel
to go through the eye of a needle" is
a Jewish proverbial expression, denot-
ing an impossible thing, Matt. 19:24.
"Strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel,"
23:24, denoting carefulness to observe
small rites and ceremonies while neglect-
ing the great duties of the law of God,
is another proverbial phrase, alluding to
the "straining out" of flies and worms
from wine before drinking.
CAMELEON, a small animal of the
lizard kind, with four feet and a long
flat tail, and its head joined to the body
without any neck, Lev. 11:30. This
animal is remarkable for its faculty of
changing its colour; it feeds on insects,
though the vulgar error supposes that it
lives on the air.
CAMP, the lodgment of an army in
tents, Exod. 14:19, 1 Kings 16:16.
The orderly arrangement of the camps
formed by the several tribes of Israel
and of the whole people, in their passage
through the wilderness, was divinely
directed, Num. 1. 2. 4. 10.
CAMP, to make a lodgment in the
open field, as an army of soldiers, Lev.
11:30; Jer. 50:29.
CAMPHIRE, the cypress or Egyptian
henna, which produces the drug, a kind
of gum, called camphor. The sacred
writer intends the flowery clusters hang-
ing like lilac blossoms on the cypress:
they being beautiful in colour, and ex-
quisitely odoriferous, the ladies of Egypt,
carry them, as for perfuming, in their
bosoms, Sol. Song 1:14; 4:13. They
use the powder of its dried leaves to
give their nails a reddish tinge: this
tree grows to the height of two hundred
feet in Borneo and Sumatra.
CAN, to be able, in respect of wisdom,
strength, or authority, Gen. 41:38; 2 Sam.
12:23.
CA'NA, Κανα
(zeal, possession, or cane),
a town of Zebulon in Galilee, six miles
from Nazareth, John 2:1. Our engrav-
ing represents the modern village of
Cana.
CA'NAAN, [h] (a merchant or
trader), the
youngest son of Ham, and grandson of
Noah, Gen. 9:18. Canaan is believed
to have discovered and ridiculed the
nakedness of the [respect]able patriarch,
as he lay exposed within his tent, in
which act of wickedness he was counte-
nanced by his father Ham. God, there-
fore, to reprove both, inspired his servant
to utter that memorable prediction called
the "curse of Noah," Gen. 9:22-27,
relating to the degradation of the poste-
rity of Canaan. The curse was executed
on the Amorites, Hivites, &c., by Joshua,
who was of the posterity of Shem, and
on the scattered remains of that people
at Thebes, Carthage, &c., by the Romans
descended from Japhet.
CANAAN, THE LAND OF: this country
fell to the lot of Canaan, the son of Ham,
to which he gave his own name. Canaan
was about 200 miles long, and nearly 80
broad, lying along the eastern border of
the Mediterranean sea. David and Solo-
mon governed several provinces beyond
the limits of Canaan, which enlarged
their kingdom, 1 Kings 4:21-24. Canaan
was bounded on the north by the moun-
tains of Lebanon in Syria, on the east
by Arabia Deserta, on the south by
the
wilderness of Arabia Petrea and Idumea,
and on the west by the land of the Philistines and the Mediterranean
sea.
Besides the name of its first possessor,
Canaan has been variously denominated,
as the Land of the Hebrews, Gen.
40:15;
Palestine, Exod. 15:14; the Land of
Promise, Heb. 11:9; the Land of Israel, Judah, Judea, the Holy Land, Zech. 2:
12. Canaan has been the theatre of the
most extraordinary transactions which
have ever taken place under the Divine
government upon earth. This is the
country where the chief patriarchs
walked with God--where the theocracy
of Israel was established--where the
prophets received most of their divine
inspirations--where the temple of Je-
hovah was erected under his special
direction--where the incarnate Son of
God accomplished the work of human
redemption--and where the apostles
were miraculously endowed with the
gifts of the Holy Spirit, to fulfil their
commission as ambassadors for Christ
to invite sinners of all nations into the
kingdom of Messiah for the blessings of
pardon, purity, and immortality, in the
eternal glory of God. Canaan, in the
times of David and Solomon, contained
a population of about 5,000,000; but now
it has only about 1,500,000 inhabitants.
Since the destruction of Jerusalem by
the Romans, it has been the scene of
strange revolutions, especially during
the crusades, profanely called holy wars
[Isl_m-RCC]:
it now forms two wretched provinces,
ACRE and DAMASCUS, under the mise-
rable government of pashas, subject or
tributary to the sultan of Turkey. The
population consists of Turks, Syrians,
Bedouin Arabs, Copts, Druses of Leba-
non, Roman, Armenian, and Greek
Christians, and Jews.
CANDLE, a roll of wax or tallow with
a wick for giving light in a house, Jer.
25:10: a lamp, Luke 15:8: the
rational soul of man, Prov. 20:27:
natural light, Rev. 22:5: prosperity,
Job 29:3. Searching Jerusalem with
candles, denotes the perfect knowledge
of God relating to all the secret crimes
of wicked men, Zeph. 1:12.
CANDLESTICK, the support of a candle
to give light, Matt. 5:16. The golden
candlestick, made for the Levitical taber-
nacle, consisted of six branches besides
the upright supporter, each of the seven
having a lamp furnished with oil to burn
continually before the most holy place,
Exod. 25:31-39; 26:35. Our engrav-
ing represents the probable form of the
sacred candlestick.
CANDLESTICKS, lamp-stands, 1 Kings
7:49; 1 Chron. 28:15. The two
candlesticks, Rev. 11:4, are supposed to
denote two [important] churches or congre-
gations, with their two olive-trees or ministers, Zech. 4:3, 11, 14. The
seven
golden candlesticks, Rev. 1:20, are spoken
of in allusion to the one made for the
tabernacle: the mystery, or allegorical
representation of the seven branches or
candlesticks, denotes the seven sister churches, sources of divine and saving
light to those of the surrounding heathen,
in the neighbouring cities of Asia Minor.
CANE, the sweet cane or odoriferous
calamus reed, Isa. 43:24; Jer. 6:20.
See CALAMUS.
CANKER, a worm or fly that destroys
fruits, 2 Tim. 2:17.
CANKERED, corroded or destroyed as
by rust, Jam. 5:3.
CANKERWORM, a species of rough
caterpillar peculiarly destructive to the
vine, Joel 1:4; 2:25; Nah. 3:15, 16.
CAPH'TOR, [h] (a sphere, a
buckle, or a hand), supposed to be the isle of Crete
by some, but others regard it as a pro-
vince in Asia Minor, Jer. 47:4; Amos
9:7.
CAPH'TORIM, [h], (the people of
Caphtor), Deut. 2:23.
CHARITY, kindness of heart, love. The
Greek word translated charity, is com-
monly rendered love in other parts of
the New Testament, that being [one of] its
correct meaning[s]. Charity is the princi-
pal spiritual grace of the Christian,
crowning every other with permanence,
in fidelity and zeal towards God, and in
labours of active benevolence towards
man. Charity or love is the chief fruit of
the Holy Spirit, the perfection of moral
excellence, and without which all profes-
sions are worthless in the sight of God,
1 Cor. [13]:13; Col. 3:14; 1 John 4:16.
CHARMED, overcome, as some serpents
are with music, Jer. 8:17.
CHARMER, a pretender to a sort of
divination by music, Deut. 18:11; Psal.
58:5.
CHARRAN, generally called Haran,
Acts 7:2; Gen. 11:31, 32. See HARAN.
CHASE, to drive forcibly, or destroy as
enemies, Lev. 26:7, 8; Deut. 32:30.
CHASED, did chase, or drive, Judg. 9:
40; Neh. 13:28.
CHIN'NERETH, [h] (a harp), a town
of Galilee, where the Jordan enters the
lake to which it gave its name, Num.
34:11; Deut. 3:17: it is called
Chinneroth, Josh. 11:2; 12:3, and Cin-
neroth, 1 Kings 15:20. Its name is be-
lieved to have been changed to Tiberias,
from which the lake was so called, John
6:23. See TIBERIAS.
CHIOS, Χιος (an
opening), an island of
the Egean sea, near the coast of Asia
Minor, now called Scio, Acts 20:15. Its
inhabitants were barbarously massacred
in 1823, by the Turks.
CHISLEU, the ninth month of the
sacred year, Zech. 7:1. See MONTH.
CHRIST, Χριστος
(anointed): this title
was given to our Saviour, because of
His
being consecrated by the Holy Spirit to
His sacred offices of prophet, priest, and
king, of his church, Psal. 45:7; Isa. 61:
1: this consecration of Christ was pre-
figured by the manner in which the
ancient priests, prophets, and kings, were
designated to office, by the [applicat]ion of
holy oil or ointment, Exod. 29:7; 1
Sam. 16:13; 1 Kings 19:16. While
the custom of anointing to office will be
evident from these references, the cere-
mony itself denoted the necessity of
spiritual endowments; and, as the Re-
deemer possessed an infinitude of the
gifts of the Spirit, He is emphatically
called the CHRIST, in Hebrew the MES-
SIAH, John 1:41; 3:34.
CHRISTIAN,
Χριστιανος (one
anointed), a disciple of Christ,
participating of his grace by the influence of his Spirit, 1
Pet. 4:16: hence the disciples were
called Christians first in Antioch,
Acts 11:
26. Some suppose they were so called
in reproach by their enemies; but others
regard the name as given them in honour
by the Divine direction.
CHRONICLES [II.]: this book continues the
narrative, recording the principal events
in Solomon's reign, the dissolution of
the
monarchy into two kingdoms, and the
decline and overthrow of both Israel
and Judah, through the incorrigible
idolatry and wickedness of the people:
it closes with a brief record of the edict
of Cyrus, for the return of the Jews from
captivity in Babylon, thus comprehend-
ing a period of 478 years. These books
of Chronicles should be read and com-
pared with the books of Samuel and Kings: they are essential to the more
complete understanding of the condition
of Israel in those times; and they are
invaluable on account of the aids which
they afford to us in the study of both
sacred and profane history.
List: Commentary.
CHRYSOLITE, a gem of the topaz or
beryl kind, Rev. 21:20.
CHRYSOPRASUS, a gem of the emerald
kind, with a golden shade in its green
colour, Rev. 21:20.
CHURCH, a congregation: the word έκκλησια, translated
church, was used to
denote any assembly, as it is so rendered,
Acts 19:32-39. A Christian "church
is a congregation of faithful men,"
Matt.
18:17; and such churches were
gathered from the Jews and from the
heathen in many cities, towns, and vil-
lages, not only "throughout all Judaea and Ga-
lilee and Samaria," Acts 9:31, but in
surrounding countries by the ministry
of the apostles, 15:41. Such were the
several congregations of believers in
Jerusalem, Rome, Corinth, Ephesus, &c.,
14:23, and in the houses of distinguished disciples, Col. 4:15; Phil. [1:]6.
The uni-
versal church [theory is not Scriptural].
CHURCH, a local, visible assembly
of scripturally
baptized believers.
They preach and practice the faith once delivered to the saints.
List: New Testament Church.
CHURCH.
ChristJesus, the
Founder of this organization and
the Saviour of its members, to be their only Priest and King, their
only Lord and Lawgiver, and the only Head of the churches. The churches
to be executive only in carrying out their Lord's will and completed
laws, never legislative, to amend or abrogate old
laws or to make
new ones.--JMC
Book.
CHM note: The [family of God] consists
of
the great [company] of the redeemed, part
of whom
only are yet in Heaven, Heb.
12:23. Christian divines speak of the
[spiritual] church[es], including all upon Earth who are truly pious [members], worshipping
God by Jesus Christ, 1 Cor. 10:32; Eph.
3:10: this is also called the church [generic
sense]
militant, on account of the holy warfare
of its members against sin in this world:
but the redeemed in Heaven having com-
pleted their conflict with the world, the
flesh, and the devil, are sometimes styled
the church triumphant, and the church
of the first-born, Heb. 12:23.
"But ye are come unto mount Sion, and unto the city
[polis] of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem,
and to an innumerable company
of angels,
To the general assembly [paneguris = a mass-meeting]
and church [ekklesia] of the firstborn [prototokos], which are written in
heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made
perfect," Hebrews 12:22-23.
CHURL, a morose, uncivil, covetous
man, Isa. 32:5.
CHURLISH, rude, uncivil, and intract-
able, 1 Sam. 23:3.
CHURNING, the act of shaking cream
to separate the oily part for use as but-
ter, Prov. 30:33.
CHUSH'AN-RISHATHAIM, [h]
(blackness of iniquities), a king of Mesopo-
tamia, who oppressed Israel for eight
years, until conquered by Othniel the
first of the Judges, Judg. 3:8.
CHU'ZA, [g] (the seer, or
prophet), king
Herod's steward, whose wife, Joanna,
contributed to the support of our Saviour
in his ministry, Luke 8:3.
CLEOPAS, [g] (the whole glory),
believed to be Alpheus, and brother of
Joseph, who had married the virgin
Mary. He was husband to her sister
Mary, and father of Simon, James, Jude,
and Joseph or Joses, who were hence
called the brethren of Christ, Luke 24:
18; John 19:25; Matt. 13:55.
CLERK, an official writer: the town-
clerk of Ephesus appears to have been
the recorder of the city, Acts 19:35.
CLIFT, a precipice, Exod. 33:22.
See CLEFTS.
CLIMB, to ascend, Amos 9:2: to
creep, 1 Sam. 14:13; Luke 19:4.
CLIPT, cut with shears, Jer. 48:37.
CLODS, lumps of earth or turfs, Job
21:33; Isa. 28:24.
CLOKE, an upper garment to cover the
ordinary clothes, Matt. 5:40: a pretence
to conceal some sin, John 15:22; 1 Pet.
2:16.
