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**List: Chinese Ministry
Bible ( 圣经 (cs) / 聖經 (ct) )
**File: Chinese: Wenli, High Bible History
**File: Chinese: Wenli, Easy Bible History
Chinese: Kuoyü...
"Kuoyü, a language officially sponsored as a
force for national
unity, is already spoken by almost 300 million Chinese and will
certainly become even more common. It is based on the Peking
Mandarin usage (which for political reasons has long predomin-
ated among the numerous languages of China), but
borrowings
from other Chinese languages have been incorporated, giving
Kuoyü a somewhat artificial or composite nature.
The literary language of China until the 20th century was the
formal Classical Wenli, or Wenyen, but Kuoyü (meaning
‘national language’) has come into almost exclusive use as the
Chinese written language. It was not until 1917 that Hu Shih
started a movement which advocated the acceptability of writing
in the vernacular, or pai hua (‘plain talk’). Reforms
in writing
were advocated from the beginning, and numerous systems were
proposed as alternatives to the cumbersome Chinese ideographic
characters used for Wenli. Nonetheless, these Wenli characters
have been retained (in some instances simplified) for written
Kuoyü, but each has been assigned a phonetic value - the
Kuoyü pronunciation of the word. The Chu Yin system
(literally
‘sounds injected’, a phonetic alphabet of 21 initial and 16 final
symbols) was introduced in 1919 and has proved the most
successful. It is now used in schools to teach non-Mandarin-
speaking students how to pronounce the characters in Kuoyü.
There have been numerous attempts to establish roman (Lo-
matze) phonetic systems, notably the Wade system, 1859, and the
official romanized alphabets of 1925 and 1931-1937.
Mainland China, the second largest country in the world, has a
total population of more than 760 million. However, vast
distances and limited intercommunication have left China with a
mixed linguistic composition. Although some 94 per cent of its
population may be said to speak ‘Chinese’, there are, in fact,
great regional and local dialectal differences. The Mandarin
dialects (or languages) are spoken throughout northern, central,
and west-central China by about 550 million. Mostly mutually
intelligible, all forms of Mandarin, including Kuoyü, are known
as Kuang hua (meaning ‘common language’).
Other Mandarin
languages represented here are Chihli, Kiaotong, Shantung, and
Nanking.
In the southeast, geographically isolated groups of Chinese
dialects have developed: Wu (spoken by about
40 million in the
provinces south of Shanghai, including the Hankow, Kinhwa,
Ningpo, Shanghai, Soochow, Taichow, and
Wenchow
usages); Min (spoken by 37 million in Fukien
Province, includ-
ing the Amoy and Taiwanese, Foochow, Swatow, and distinct
North Min dialects of Kienning, Kienyang, and Shaowu);
Hakka (spoken by 20 million in Kwangtung
Province), and
Cantonese (spoken by 45 million around
Canton). Within China
there are also several million speakers of Tai languages, found
mostly in the Yunnan and Kweichow provinces of the extreme
southwest, and the Turkic (Kashgar and
Kazakh), Mongolian
(Khalka and Kalmuk), Tungusic (Manchu)
languages of the
Altaic family in the north and west.
In the following entries exact chronological arrangement has
been abandoned to allow all publications in each version to be
listed together." --1000 Tongues, 1972 [Info only]
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Chinese Character unless noted
"1864 John (tentative)
1865 Matthew-Luke Acts (tentative)
ABS, Shanghai
1865 Matthew 1866 Gospels Acts BFBS,
Peking
Translated by the Peking Committee, which included William A. P.
Martin, American Presbyterian Mission; Joseph Edkins, London MS;
S. I. J. Schereschewsky, American Protestant
Episcopal Mission;
J. S. Burdon, Church MS; and H. Blodget, American Board of Com-
missioners for Foreign Missions. Appointed in 1861."--1000
Tongues, 1972 [Info only]
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"1866 Genesis 1867 Psalms
ABS, Shanghai
Translated by S. I. J. Schereschewsky."--1000 Tongues, 1972
[Info only:
SIJS was a born-again Jew.]
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"1867 Psalms ABS, Peking
Translated by William C. Burns, English Presbyterian Mission."-
-1000 Tongues, 1972 [Info only]
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"1869 Gospels Acts (Roman character)
1870 Epistles
(Roman character) China Inland Mission, Chinkiang
The Peking Committee text, transliterated by Maria Taylor, wife of
J. Hudson Taylor."--
1000 Tongues, 1972 [Info only]
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"1870 Romans-Revelation ABS, Shanghai;
BFBS, Peking
1872 New Testament BFBS, Peking
Translated by the Peking Committee; a revision of the portions earlier
published."--1000 Tongues, 1972 [Info only]
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"1874 Old Testament ABS, Peking
Translated by S. I. J. Schereschewsky."--1000 Tongues, 1972
[Info only:
SIJS was a born-again Jew.]
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"1878 Bible ABS, BFBS
The Schereschewsky O.T. and Peking Committee N.T.
became the
standard Mandarin Bible until the publication of the
Union Version."--1000 Tongues,
1972 [Info only]
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"1887 New Testament (Roman character)
BFBS, London
A revision of the Mandarin N.T. by William Cooper, CIM,
transliterated by Mrs. Reuben Lowrie."--1000 Tongues, 1972
[Info only]
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"1887 Gospels Acts 1889
New Testament Genesis
Exodus National BS of Scotland, Hankow
Translated by Griffith John, CIM."--
1000 Tongues, 1972 [Info only]
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"1895 John (Roman character) ABS,
Shanghai
Transliterated by Mrs. R. Lowrie into the Wade romanized
system."--1000 Tongues, 1972 [Info only]
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"1897 Genesis Job (revised)
1899 Bible (including revised
O.T.) ABS, Shanghai
A revision of the Schereschewsky O.T., prepared
by the translator."--1000 Tongues, 1972 [Info only]
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"1913 Gospels Presbyterian MP,
Shanghai
Translated by A. Sydenstricker, Presbyterian, with the help of
Pao-
Huei Chu."--1000 Tongues, 1972 [Info only: ?]
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"1929 New Testament Nanking Theological Seminary
Translated by A. Sydenstricker, Presbyterian."--1000 Tongues,
1972 [Info only: ?]
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"1933 New Testament Printed privately,
Taingtao
Translated by Yuan-Teh Wang, Presbyterian."--1000 Tongues, 1972
[Info only: ?]
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"1933 Romans Peking
Translated by S. L. Cheng. The N.T. and Psalms in this version
may
have been published in 1940, Peking."--1000 Tongues, 1972
[Info only: ?]
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"1934 Luke Acts Association
Press of China
Translated by Gordon Poteat, Baptist."--1000 Tongues, 1972 [Info only:
?]
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"1946 New Testament Yenching University,
Peking
1964 Old Testament (tentative) Privately mimeographed
Translated by Chen-Chung Lu."--1000 Tongues, 1972 [Info
only: ?]
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"1953 1-3 John Printed privately,
California
Translated by M. A. Hopkins, formerly a Protestant my. in
China."--1000 Tongues, 1972 [Info only: ?]
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Chinese: Chihli...
"Chihli Colloquial is the North Mandarin dialect
spoken in
Hopeh Province (formerly known as Chihli), south of Peking."--
1000 Tongues, 1972 [Info only]
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Wang Chao Phonetic System
"1925 Luke BFBS, Shanghai
Translator unknown."--1000 Tongues, 1972 [Info only:
WANG CHAO PHONETIC CHARACTER "1925" Luke 3:1-7(a) unknown.]
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Chinese: Kiaotung...
"Kiaotung is the North Mandarin dialect spoken in
eastern
Shantung Province, southeast of Peking."--1000 Tongues, 1972
[Info only]
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Wang Chao Phonetic System
"1918 Mark North China Baptist Mission
Translated by mies. of the North China Baptist Mission."--1000
Tongues, 1972 [Info only:
WANG CHAO PHONETIC CHARACTER "1918" Mark 1:2 unknown.]
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Chu Yin Phonetic System
"1920 Matthew BFBS, Shanghai
Translated by American Presbyterian Mission and Baptist mies."--1000 Tongues, 1972 [Info
only:
CHU YIN PHONETIC CHARACTER "1920" Mark 3:1-9 unknown.]
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**List: Chinese: Nanking Ministry
Chinese: Shantung...
"Shantung Colloquial is the North Mandarin dialect
of Shantung
Province, China."--1000 Tongues, 1972 [Info only]
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Roman Character
"1892 Luke John 1894
Matthew ABS, Shanghai
Translated by C. H. Judd and E. Tomalin, China Inland
Mission."--1000 Tongues, 1972 [Info only: "1894" [Matthew]
3:1-4 unknown.]
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**File: Chinese Critical Text History
"Xin yue quan shu. (1869)" [Info
only: Mandarin.]
https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002259619
"Xin yue quan shu. (1878)" [Info
only: Mandarin.]
https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002259638
"Xin yue quan shu (guan hua) [Complete New
Testament] (Shanghai, American-Chinese book house, 1883)" [Info
only: Mandarin.]
https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009395706
"Xin jiu yue quan shu Da Meiguo sheng jing hui
juan. (Fuzhou Mei hua shu ju huo ban, 1893])" [Info only:
Mandarin.]
https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006173317
"The Gospel according to St. Matthew in English
and Mandarin. Published by the American Bible society. (Shanghai, American
Presbyterian Mission Press, 1899)" [Info only: ?]
https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006501610
"Xin yue quan shu. (S.l. : Da Meiguo sheng jing
hui, Guang xu 25 [1899])" [Info only: Mandarin.]
https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009395707
"Xin yue sheng jing. (1889)" [Info
only: Mandarin.]
https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002259658
"The New Testament in English and Mandarin Pub.
by the American Bible society. ([Yokohama] Printed by the Fukuin printing co.,
ltd., 1904)" [Info only: ?]
https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001934589
"Mandarin Bible, no.4 type. ([n.p.] American
Bible Society, 1912)" [Info only: ?]
https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006761012
"Wen li Xin jiu yue quan shu. ([S.l.] : Sheng
shu gong hui, 1914)" [Info only: Wenli.]
https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009395757
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